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We need a proper packaging for pharmaceutical products to store it properly and to avoid any deterioration due to the packaging material or environmental factors.
A Pharmaceutical container is defined as a device that holds the drug and it may or may not be direct contact with the pharmaceutical preparations.
Closures are the devices by means of which containers can be opened or closed.
2. The container must not interact physically or chemically with the substance which it holds.
3. Container should be able to help the stored product to maintain stability towards several environmental factors which may cause its deterioration.
4. Container should be made of such material which can withstand wear and tear during normal handling.
5. Container should be so designed that a dose can be drawn from it conveniently.
6. It should be able to withstand changes in pressure and temperature.
Required in case of Sterilisation of parenteral products along with its containers and closures.
7. The material used for making of container must be non toxic.
8. Container must be such that it can be labelled easily.
9. The container must have pharmaceutically-elegant appearance.
10. The closure of the container must be easily removable and replaceable.
In this chapter we will revise about
1. Types of containers
2. Materials used for making of containers.
3. Closure, types of closures and materials for making of closures.
4. Aerosol packaging
5. Modern unit dose packaging.
A Pharmaceutical container is defined as a device that holds the drug and it may or may not be direct contact with the pharmaceutical preparations.
Closures are the devices by means of which containers can be opened or closed.
What are the qualities for a good container?
1. Container should be completely neutral towards the material which is stored in it.2. The container must not interact physically or chemically with the substance which it holds.
3. Container should be able to help the stored product to maintain stability towards several environmental factors which may cause its deterioration.
4. Container should be made of such material which can withstand wear and tear during normal handling.
5. Container should be so designed that a dose can be drawn from it conveniently.
6. It should be able to withstand changes in pressure and temperature.
Required in case of Sterilisation of parenteral products along with its containers and closures.
7. The material used for making of container must be non toxic.
8. Container must be such that it can be labelled easily.
9. The container must have pharmaceutically-elegant appearance.
10. The closure of the container must be easily removable and replaceable.
In this chapter we will revise about
1. Types of containers
2. Materials used for making of containers.
3. Closure, types of closures and materials for making of closures.
4. Aerosol packaging
5. Modern unit dose packaging.
Notes
1. Types of Containers used for the Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products
Prakash Joshi 01 Jan 1970
A pharmaceutical container can be defined as a device that holds the drug or it may or may not be in direct contact with the pharmaceutical preparations.
Based on the utility for different pharmaceutical doses forms, containers are divided as following.
1. Well closed Containers
⏺️Protects the content from loss due to transportation, handling, sale and Storage.
2. Air-tight containers
⏺️Also called hermetic containers.
⏺️ These have air-tight sealings or closings to avoid air contact.
⏺️ Protect the product from dust, moisture and air.
Air-tight sealed containers are used for injectables. Air-tight closed containers are used for other products i.e thyroxine tablets.3. Tightly-closed containers:
⏺️These containers are capable of being tightly re-closed after use i.e. gas cylinder, which is a metallic tightly-closed container and holds gas under pressure.
⏺️ Protects the contents from contamination by liquids, solids or vapours, from loss or deterioration of the material from effervescence, deliquescence, or evaporation under normal condition of handling, storage and distribution.
4. Single dose containers:
⏺️Single dose containers are generally used to hold parenteral products (injectables) i.e. ampoules and vials.
⏺️single dose containers are used to supply only one dose of medicaments.
Single dose containers ampoules and vials
⏺️Hold more than one dose and allow withdrawal of dose at various intervals without changing the strength, quality, and purity of the remaining portion.
⏺️ Multi-dose containers are used for injectables i.e. ampoules.
Multi-dose container for injectable (vial )
⏺️ Protect the medicaments from the harmful effect of light.
⏺️ These are used to store medicaments which are photo-sensitive.
Light resistant container
⏺️ Used to hold aerosol products.
⏺️These containers should have adequate mechanical strength in order to bear the pressure of aerosol packaging.
Image : Aerosol containers
⏺️These Containers are fitted with a device or mechanism which irreversibly reveals whether the container is opened or closed.
Image : temper evident container example
2. Materials used for making of pharmaceutical containers
Prakash Joshi 01 Jan 1970
The Pharmaceutical containers are usually made from the following basic materials.
1. Glass
2. Plastic
3. Metal
4. Paper and board.
Now in details about types, advantages, disadvantages and composition of these materials.
1. Glass
Advantages of use of glass containers.➡️transparent
➡️Available in various shapes and sizes.
➡️ Economical and readily available.
➡️ glass containers can protect the photosensitive medicaments from light during their storage.
➡️Glass containers are neutral after proper treatment.
➡️ impermeable to moisture and atmospheric gases.
➡️ have good protectic power.
➡️do not deteriorate with age.
➡️ Can be easily labelled.
➡️ Can be sealed hermetically.
➡️ Plastic containers can withstand the variation in temperature and pressure during sterilisation.
Disadvantages of glass containers
➡️Glass is fragile, so it's containers are easily broken when dropped or knocked.
➡️Glass containers are heavy, which increases the cost of transportation.
➡️ Glass containers may release alkali to aqueous preparations.
Composition of Glass
Glass is composed of sand, soda ash, lime stone and cullet.➡️Cullet is broken glass that is mixed with other parts and it acts as a fusion agent for the entire mixture.
➡️ The composition of glass varies, and depends on specific purposes for which it is used.
➡️Silicon, aluminium, boron,sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and barium are generally used in the preparation of glass.
Types of Glass
The following types of glasses are available commercially for making containers.
i) lime soda glass :
ii) Borosilicate glass:
iii) Silicon treated glass:
iv) Sulphured glass:
v) Neutral Glass:
vi) Amber colour glass:
2. Plastic
CompositionClassification
3. Metals
4. Paper and board
More in this Chapter..
Types of Containers used for the Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products
Pharmaceutical containers are divided according to their utility i.e. well closed container for solid items for transportation, tightly closed conta
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