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Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology – a convergence of pathology with physiology – is the study of the disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury.

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (ibd)

diksha bhatla  
30 Jun 2022   

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microflora....

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Gastrointestinal Tract

diksha bhatla  
29 Jun 2022   

The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an organ system responsible for consuming and digesting food....

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Nervous System

diksha bhatla  
28 Jun 2022   

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the  nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. ...

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Endocrine System

diksha bhatla  
27 Jun 2022   

The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones that help to control many important body functions, especially the body’...

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Hematological Diseases

diksha bhatla  
25 Jun 2022   

Anemia is a medical condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin (Hb) is less than normal. The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is...

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Urinary System

diksha bhatla  
24 Jun 2022   

The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood...

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Respiratory System

diksha bhatla  
23 Jun 2022   

The cells of the human body require a constant stream of oxygen to stay alive. There are 3 major parts of the respiratory system: the airway, the lung...

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Principles Of Cancer

diksha bhatla  
22 Jun 2022   

When cells in some area of body duplicate without control, the excess of tissue that...

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Diseases Of Bones & Joints

diksha bhatla  
21 Jun 2022   

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN SKELETON  The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of 270 bones at birth. This total 206 ...

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Cardiovascular System

diksha bhatla  
20 Jun 2022   

INTRODUCTION TO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The heart is muscular organ about the size of a closed fist located in the chest between the lungs behind th...

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Basic Mechanism Involved In The Process Of Inflammation, Repair, And Atherosclerosis

diksha bhatla  
9 Jun 2022   

Inflammation is a critical homeostatic process that is activated by cellular injury regardless of the mechanism of that injury. ...

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Basic principles of cell injury

diksha bhatla  
3 Jun 2022   

Cell injury is the common denominator in almost all diseases. It is defined as 'an alteration in cell structure or biochemical functioning, re...

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Syphilis

diksha bhatla  
25 Oct 2022   

Syphilis is sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. This disease can be passed to another person t...

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URINARY TRACT INFECTION

diksha bhatla  
22 Oct 2022   

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is second to respiratory infection as the most common type of infection in the body. It is a bacterial infection involvi...

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TUBERCULOSIS| DISEASE| SYMPTOM| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY|PREVENTION| TREATMENT

diksha bhatla  
21 Oct 2022   

There are many subgroups in the genus mycobacterium such as M aviumintracellulare, M kansasii, M bovis, but M tuberculosis alone is pathogenic in huma...

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TYPHOID FEVER

diksha bhatla  
18 Oct 2022   

Typhoid fever is also called enteric fever. It is an acute infectious illness associated with fever that is most often caused by the Salmonella typhi ...

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GOUT

diksha bhatla  
17 Oct 2022   

Gout is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels and deposits of urate crystals in synovial fluids and surrounding t...

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osteoporosis

diksha bhatla  
15 Oct 2022   

Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break(Latin “porous bones”). The inside of a healthy bone has s...

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osteoarthritis

diksha bhatla  
15 Oct 2022   

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people around the world. It can be thought of as a degenerative disord...

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rheumatoid arthritis

diksha bhatla  
13 Oct 2022   

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that results in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, ...

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Hepatitis

diksha bhatla  
11 Oct 2022   

Hepatitis means injury to the liver with inflammation of the liver cells. Toxins, certain drugs, some diseases, heavy alcohol use, bacterial and viral...

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ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

diksha bhatla  
11 Oct 2022   

Alcoholic Liver Disease is a syndrome of progressive inflammatory liver injury associated with long-term heavy intake of alcohol. The pathogenesis is ...

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Peptic ulcer

diksha bhatla  
7 Oct 2022   

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the inside lining of the esophagus, stomach and upper portion of small intestine (duodenum) as a result o...

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ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE NOTES

diksha bhatla  
6 Oct 2022   

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain’s nerve cells, or neurons especially in the cerebral cortex, r...

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SCHIZOPHRENIA

diksha bhatla  
4 Oct 2022   

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, characterized by profound disruptions in thinking, affecting language, perception, and the sense of self. ...

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Depression

diksha bhatla  
3 Oct 2022   

Depression is a common mental disorder, characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep...

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STROKE

diksha bhatla  
30 Sep 2022   

A stroke is a "brain attack". It occurs when blood flow to an area of brain is cut off. When this happens, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and begi...

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Parkinson's Disease

diksha bhatla  
29 Sep 2022   

In 1817, British Physician Dr. James Parkinson published a case series describing six patients afflicted with the “shaking palsy” (paralysis agitans...

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EPILEPSY

diksha bhatla  
28 Sep 2022   

Seizure is the transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Signs or sym...

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DISORDERS OF SEX HORMONES

diksha bhatla  
27 Sep 2022   

The sex hormones are a group of hormones responsible for controlling puberty, reproduction, birth and lactation. Sex hormone disorders, also refe...

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Grave's Disease

diksha bhatla  
25 Sep 2022   

Graves’ is an autoimmune disorder that occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. This can cause the gland to overpr...

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Thyroid Disease

diksha bhatla  
25 Sep 2022   

Thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland inside the neck, located in front of the trachea (windpipe) and below the larynx (voicebox). It produces two...

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HEMOPHILIA

diksha bhatla  
20 Sep 2022   

...

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Acquired Haemolytic anaemia

diksha bhatla  
19 Sep 2022   

Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which there is destruction of RBC or removal of red blood cells from the circulation before their normal life span ...

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CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

diksha bhatla  
17 Sep 2022   

...

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Acute Renal Failure

diksha bhatla  
15 Sep 2022   

Acute renal failure or Acute kidney failure (AKF) occurs when kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waste products from blood. When kidneys lose th...

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Asthma

diksha bhatla  
14 Sep 2022   

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways associated with variable (usually reversible) airflow obstruction and enhanced bronchial hype...

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Bronchitis

diksha bhatla  
14 Sep 2022   

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, the airways that connect the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. Bronchitis is more s...

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Emphysema COPD

diksha bhatla  
14 Sep 2022   

Emphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli (air sacs in...

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COPD- Respiratory Failure

diksha bhatla  
12 Sep 2022   

Respiratory failure is inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, with the result that levels of arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide or both canno...

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Congestive Heart Failure

diksha bhatla  
8 Sep 2022   

Congestive Cardiac failure is a condition associated with heart disorders leading to impairment of the heart to supply sufficient blood to meet t...

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Hypertension

diksha bhatla  
8 Sep 2022   

Hypertension is a chronic medical condition that arises when theblood pressure is abnormally high (greater than 140 mm of Hg systolic and 90 mm of Hg ...

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Electrolytes and their imbalance

diksha bhatla  
8 Jun 2022   

There are many chemicals in blood stream that regulate important functions of bodies. These chemicals are called electrolytes. Human body's nerve reac...

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Types of inflammation: Pathophysiology

diksha bhatla  
13 Jun 2022   

Depending upon the defense capacity of the host and duration of response, inflammation can be classified as acute or chronic ...

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Atherosclerosis Causes, Pathophysiology, and symptoms

diksha bhatla  
14 Jun 2022   

Atherosclerosis (or arteriosclerotic vascular disease) is a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to an excessive buildup of...

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Healing : Regeneration and repair | pathophysiology notes

diksha bhatla  
16 Jun 2022   

Healing- Injury to tissue may result in cell death and tissue destruction. Healing on the other hand is the body response to injury in an attempt ...

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