
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology – a convergence of pathology with physiology – is the study of the disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury.
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diksha bhatla
30 Jun 2022
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microflora....
diksha bhatla
29 Jun 2022
The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an organ system responsible for consuming and digesting food....
diksha bhatla
28 Jun 2022
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the
nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. ...
diksha bhatla
27 Jun 2022
The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones that help to control many important body functions, especially the body’...
diksha bhatla
25 Jun 2022
Anemia is a medical condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin (Hb) is less than normal. The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is...
diksha bhatla
24 Jun 2022
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood...
diksha bhatla
23 Jun 2022
The cells of the human body require a constant stream of oxygen to stay alive. There are 3 major parts of the respiratory system: the airway, the lung...
diksha bhatla
22 Jun 2022
When cells in some area of body duplicate without control, the excess of tissue that...
diksha bhatla
21 Jun 2022
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN SKELETON
The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of 270 bones at birth. This total 206 ...
diksha bhatla
20 Jun 2022
INTRODUCTION TO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The heart is muscular organ about the size of a closed fist located in the chest between the lungs behind th...
diksha bhatla
9 Jun 2022
Inflammation is a critical homeostatic process that is activated by cellular injury regardless of the mechanism of that injury. ...
diksha bhatla
3 Jun 2022
Cell injury is the common denominator in almost all diseases. It is defined as 'an alteration in cell structure or biochemical functioning, re...
Notes All ❱
diksha bhatla
25 Oct 2022
Syphilis is sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. This disease can be passed to another person t...
diksha bhatla
22 Oct 2022
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is second to respiratory infection as the most common type of infection in the body. It is a bacterial infection involvi...
diksha bhatla
21 Oct 2022
There are many subgroups in the genus mycobacterium such as M aviumintracellulare, M kansasii, M bovis, but M tuberculosis alone is pathogenic in huma...
diksha bhatla
18 Oct 2022
Typhoid fever is also called enteric fever. It is an acute infectious illness associated with fever that is most often caused by the Salmonella typhi ...
diksha bhatla
17 Oct 2022
Gout is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels and deposits of urate crystals in synovial fluids and surrounding t...
diksha bhatla
15 Oct 2022
Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break(Latin “porous bones”). The inside of a healthy bone has s...
diksha bhatla
15 Oct 2022
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people around the world. It can be thought of as a degenerative disord...
diksha bhatla
13 Oct 2022
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that results in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, ...
diksha bhatla
11 Oct 2022
Hepatitis means injury to the liver with inflammation of the liver cells. Toxins, certain drugs, some diseases, heavy alcohol use, bacterial and viral...
diksha bhatla
11 Oct 2022
Alcoholic Liver Disease is a syndrome of progressive inflammatory liver injury associated with long-term heavy intake of alcohol. The pathogenesis is ...
diksha bhatla
7 Oct 2022
Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the inside lining of the esophagus, stomach and upper portion of small intestine (duodenum) as a result o...
diksha bhatla
6 Oct 2022
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain’s nerve cells, or neurons especially in the cerebral cortex, r...
diksha bhatla
4 Oct 2022
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, characterized by profound disruptions in thinking, affecting language, perception, and the sense of self. ...
diksha bhatla
3 Oct 2022
Depression is a common mental disorder, characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep...
diksha bhatla
30 Sep 2022
A stroke is a "brain attack". It occurs when blood flow to an area of brain is cut off. When this happens, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and begi...
diksha bhatla
29 Sep 2022
In 1817, British Physician Dr. James Parkinson published a case series describing six patients afflicted with the “shaking palsy” (paralysis agitans...
diksha bhatla
28 Sep 2022
Seizure is the transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Signs or sym...
diksha bhatla
27 Sep 2022
The sex hormones are a group of hormones responsible for controlling puberty, reproduction, birth and lactation. Sex hormone disorders, also refe...
diksha bhatla
25 Sep 2022
Graves’ is an autoimmune disorder that occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. This can cause the gland to overpr...
diksha bhatla
25 Sep 2022
Thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland inside the neck, located in front of the trachea (windpipe) and below the larynx (voicebox). It produces two...
diksha bhatla
19 Sep 2022
Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which there is destruction of RBC or removal of red blood cells from the circulation before their normal life span ...
diksha bhatla
15 Sep 2022
Acute renal failure or Acute kidney failure (AKF) occurs when kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waste products from blood. When kidneys lose th...
diksha bhatla
14 Sep 2022
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways associated with variable (usually reversible) airflow obstruction and enhanced bronchial hype...
diksha bhatla
14 Sep 2022
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, the airways that connect the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. Bronchitis is more s...
diksha bhatla
14 Sep 2022
Emphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli (air sacs in...
diksha bhatla
12 Sep 2022
Respiratory failure is inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, with the result that levels of arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide or both canno...
diksha bhatla
8 Sep 2022
Congestive Cardiac failure is a condition associated with heart disorders leading to impairment of the heart to supply sufficient blood to meet t...
diksha bhatla
8 Sep 2022
Hypertension is a chronic medical condition that arises when theblood pressure is abnormally high (greater than 140 mm of Hg systolic and 90 mm of Hg ...
diksha bhatla
8 Jun 2022
There are many chemicals in blood stream that regulate important functions of bodies. These chemicals are called electrolytes. Human body's nerve reac...
diksha bhatla
13 Jun 2022
Depending upon the defense capacity of the host and duration of response, inflammation can be classified as acute or chronic ...
diksha bhatla
14 Jun 2022
Atherosclerosis (or arteriosclerotic vascular disease) is a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to an excessive buildup of...
diksha bhatla
16 Jun 2022
Healing- Injury to tissue may result in cell death and tissue destruction. Healing on the other hand is the body response to injury in an attempt ...