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Vitamins & Minerals - Chemical Name, Deficiency diseases and Sources
Vitamins - A vitamin is an organic molecule or a set of molecules closely related chemically, i.e. vitamers that is an essential micro-nutrient which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism.
Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients required by the body to carry out a range of normal functions. However, these micronutrients are not produced in our bodies and must be derived from the food we eat.
Vitamins are Fat soluble (Vitamins A,D, E, and K) and water soluble (Vitamins B and C).
Minerals - Minerals are inorganic elements present in soil and water, which are absorbed by plants or consumed by animals.
The human body requires varying amounts of minerals daily in order to build strong bones and muscles. It also helps to maintain various bodily functions. Therefore, we obtain these nutrients from eating foods rich in minerals.
List of Vitamins - Chemical names, Deficieny diseases and Sources
| S.No. | Vitamins along with their Chemical names | Deficieny Diseases | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Vitamin A (Retinol) | Night blindness, Irregular growth of teeth | Green leafy vegetables, Nuts,Guava, Milk etc. |
| 2. | Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) | Beri-Beri | Fresh fruits, Potatoes, Peas, Corn , Fish etc. |
| 3. | Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | Skin diseases, Retarted growth | Banana, Almonds, Mushrooms, Spinach, Grapes etc. |
| 4. | Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | Pellagra(affects skin and nervous system) | Tomatoes, Potatoes, Meat and fish etc. |
| 5. | Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) | Anemia | Egg, Fish etc. |
| 6. | Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) | Scurvy (Swelling of gums and bleed) | Brocolli, Goat milk, Fresh fruits, Winter squash etc. |
| 7. | Vitamin D (Calciferol) | Rickets | Fish, Egg, liver oil, Chicken breasts, Cheese etc. |
| 8. | Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | Excessive bleeding due to injury | Tomatoes, Broccoli, Chestnuts, Cauliflower, Grapes etc. |
| 9. | Vitamin E (Tocopherols) | Damaging of Muscle and nerve, Less fertility | Nuts, Pumpkin, Milk etc. |
List of Minerals - Deficiency diseases and Sources
| S.No. | Minerals | Deficiency Diseases | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Iron | Anaemia | Cashews, Beans, spinach, Baked potatoes etc. |
| 2. | Calcium | Defective teeth, Brittle bones and excessive bleeding | Cheese, Milk, Egg, Cereals etc. |
| 3. | Phosphorus | Bad bones and teeth | Beans, Nuts, fish, Beef, Pomengranate etc. |
| 4. | Potassium | Nervous disorder, Poor muscle control leading to paralysis | Vegetables, Banana, dates etc. |
| 5. | Copper | Low appetite, Retarted growth | Fish, Beans, Mushrooms, Dark chocolates, Potatoes etc. |
| 6. | Iodine | Goitre, Enlarged thyroid gland | Fish, Breads, Seafood, Cereals etc. |
| 7. | Chlorine | Vomiting and Hypochloremic alkalosis | Common salt |
| 8. | Magnesium | Heart and vascular irregularities, dilated blood vessels, loss of muscle coordination | Green leafy vegetables,Soyabean, whole grains etc. |
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