Mathematics: Profit And Loss, Solved Questions

Question 1: A person by selling an article at three-fourth of the list price , increase a loss of 20% . Find profit percentage if he sells at the list price.
a) 25%
b) 6.66%
c) 111/9%
d) 20%
e) None of these

Sol. According to question
Let MRP of article \( = x \)
\( \therefore {3 \over 4} x = 80 \)
\( x=80/3*4 \) \( ={320 \over 3}=106{ 2 \over 3} \)
That means Profit % = 6.66%
Answer (b) 6.66%

Question 2: The profit earned by selling an article for Rs 900 is double the loss incurred when the same article is sold for Rs 450. At what price should the article be sold to make a 25% profit?
a)Rs 600
b)Rs 800
c)Rs 750
d)Data inadequate
e)None of these

Sol. Let c.p = Rs x
Then, \( 900 - x = 2 (x – 450) \)
\( 3x = 1800 \)
\( x = 600 \)
Required s.p = 125% of Rs 600 \( = Rs ({125 \over 100} \times 600) \) \( = Rs. 750 \)
Answer : (c) Rs 750

Question 3: A trader who marks his good upto 50% and offered discount of 20% . What % profit the trade makes after offering the payment?
a) 15%
b) 20%
c) 25%
d) 30%
e) 40%

Sol. Let cp = 100,
MRP = 150 \( sp = 150 \times {80 \over 100} \) \( = Rs. 120 \)
Hence, Profit = 20%
Answer: (b) 20%

[short trick:]
By successive formula
\( x+y+{xy \over 100} \)
\( 50-20+{50 \times (-20) \over 100} \)
30 – 10 = 20%