Trigonelline
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Weight
137.14
Molecular Formula
C7H7NO2
IUPAC Name
1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylate
Pharmacognosy
Biological Source
Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek), Coffea arabica
Active Constituents
Trigonelline
Pharmacology & Synthesis
Mechanism of Action
Promotes insulin secretion and modulates enzymes involved in glucose metabolism.
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
A: Well absorbed.
D: Widely distributed.
M: Hepatic and Renal.
E: Renal.
Pharmacodynamics
Exhibits hypoglycemic, neuroprotective, and mild hypolipidemic effects.
Synthesis Pathway
Formed by the enzymatic methylation of nicotinic acid (niacin).
Safety, Warnings & Interactions
Adverse Effects
Generally very safe; mild GI upset in large dietary amounts.
Contraindications
None known (dietary component).
Drug Interactions
Additive effect with standard anti-diabetic medications.
Pharmaceutics & Compendia
Dosage Forms
Herbal Extracts, Supplements