Atropine
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Weight
289.37
Molecular Formula
C17H23NO3
IUPAC Name
(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
Pharmacognosy
Biological Source
Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium
Active Constituents
dl-hyoscyamine
Pharmacology & Synthesis
Mechanism of Action
Competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
A: Rapid and complete from GI tract.
D: Widely distributed, crosses BBB.
M: Hepatic hydrolysis and glucuronidation.
E: Renal (30-50% unchanged).
Pharmacodynamics
Increases heart rate, relaxes smooth muscles, decreases exocrine secretions, causes mydriasis.
Synthesis Pathway
Biosynthesized from L-ornithine and phenylalanine via tropine.
Safety, Warnings & Interactions
Adverse Effects
Dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, urinary retention.
Contraindications
Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy.
Drug Interactions
Additive anticholinergic effects with TCAs, phenothiazines.
Pharmaceutics & Compendia
Dosage Forms
Injection, Ophthalmic drops, Tablets
Official Compendia
IP, BP, USP