Theobromine
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Weight
180.16
Molecular Formula
C7H8N4O2
IUPAC Name
3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione
Pharmacognosy
Biological Source
Theobroma cacao (Cocoa)
Active Constituents
Theobromine, Caffeine
Pharmacology & Synthesis
Mechanism of Action
Nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and weak adenosine receptor antagonist.
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
A: Readily absorbed.
D: Wide distribution.
M: Hepatic via CYP1A2.
E: Renal.
Pharmacodynamics
Mild CNS stimulant, mild bronchodilator, weak diuretic (less potent than theophylline).
Synthesis Pathway
Biosynthesized from xanthosine.
Safety, Warnings & Interactions
Adverse Effects
Sleeplessness, tremors, mild tachycardia, diuresis.
Contraindications
Severe arrhythmias.
Drug Interactions
CYP1A2 inhibitors (cimetidine, fluoroquinolones).
Pharmaceutics & Compendia
Dosage Forms
Capsules, Extracts
Official Compendia
USP