Scopolamine
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Weight
303.35
Molecular Formula
C17H21NO4
IUPAC Name
(1R,2R,4S,5S,7s)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
Pharmacognosy
Biological Source
Datura stramonium, Hyoscyamus niger, Duboisia myoporoides
Active Constituents
Scopolamine
Pharmacology & Synthesis
Mechanism of Action
Competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with high CNS penetration.
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
A: Well absorbed orally and transdermally.
D: Rapidly crosses BBB.
M: Hepatic.
E: Renal.
Pharmacodynamics
Prevents motion sickness, induces sedation and amnesia, antiemetic, causes mydriasis.
Synthesis Pathway
Biosynthesized from ornithine; derived by epoxidation of hyoscyamine.
Safety, Warnings & Interactions
Adverse Effects
Drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, confusion (especially in elderly).
Contraindications
Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy.
Drug Interactions
CNS depressants, other anticholinergics.
Pharmaceutics & Compendia
Dosage Forms
Transdermal patch, Injection, Ophthalmic drops
Official Compendia
IP, BP, USP