Sanguinarine
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Weight
332.33
Molecular Formula
C20H14NO4+
IUPAC Name
13-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c][1,3]dioxolo[4,5-i]phenanthridin-13-ium
Pharmacognosy
Biological Source
Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot)
Active Constituents
Sanguinarine
Pharmacology & Synthesis
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase and exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity.
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
A: Minimal oral absorption.
D: Acts locally on tissues.
M: Hepatic (if absorbed systemically).
E: Renal.
Pharmacodynamics
Reduces dental plaque; causes escharotic (tissue destroying) effects at high topical doses.
Synthesis Pathway
Derived from tyrosine via reticuline.
Safety, Warnings & Interactions
Adverse Effects
Oral leukoplakia (with chronic use), tissue necrosis at high doses.
Contraindications
Internal use strictly contraindicated.
Drug Interactions
None clinically relevant.
Pharmaceutics & Compendia
Dosage Forms
Mouthwashes, Toothpastes (historical)