Muscarine
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Weight
174.26
Molecular Formula
C9H20NO2+
IUPAC Name
[(2S,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl-trimethylammonium
Pharmacognosy
Biological Source
Amanita muscaria, Inocybe species
Active Constituents
Muscarine
Pharmacology & Synthesis
Mechanism of Action
Non-selective agonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; does not cross BBB well.
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
A: Poor oral absorption (quaternary ammonium).
D: Does not cross BBB.
M: Resistant to cholinesterases.
E: Renal.
Pharmacodynamics
Causes severe parasympathetic stimulation (SLUDGE syndrome).
Synthesis Pathway
Derived from glutamic acid.
Safety, Warnings & Interactions
Adverse Effects
Salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, bradycardia.
Contraindications
Asthma, peptic ulcer, heart block.
Drug Interactions
Anticholinergics (used as antidotes).