Caffeine
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Weight
194.19
Molecular Formula
C8H10N4O2
IUPAC Name
1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
Pharmacognosy
Biological Source
Coffea arabica, Camellia sinensis
Active Constituents
Caffeine
Pharmacology & Synthesis
Mechanism of Action
Non-selective competitive antagonist of adenosine receptors.
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
A: Rapid and complete.
D: Crosses BBB.
M: Hepatic via CYP1A2.
E: Renal.
Pharmacodynamics
CNS stimulation, increased alertness, mild diuresis.
Synthesis Pathway
Biosynthesized from xanthosine.
Safety, Warnings & Interactions
Adverse Effects
Insomnia, tachycardia, GI irritation.
Contraindications
Severe anxiety, uncontrolled hypertension.
Drug Interactions
CYP1A2 inhibitors (ciprofloxacin) increase levels.
Pharmaceutics & Compendia
Dosage Forms
Tablets, Injection
Official Compendia
IP, BP, USP