Musculoskeletal System – Important Short Answer Questions (SAQs)
This section provides important long and short answer questions based on the muscular system, skeletal system, joints, and related disorders. It is designed for exam preparation and quick revision.
👉 Musculoskeletal System – Important Questions and Answers (LAQs)
👉Muscular & Skeletal System, Joints, and Related Disorders – Complete Study Guide
Q1
Which is the strongest muscle in the human body and why?
A
The strongest muscle in terms of force is the Masseter (jaw muscle). It is responsible for chewing and can exert a bite force of up to 90 kg (200 pounds).
Q2
What is the control difference between skeletal and smooth muscles?
A
Skeletal muscles are voluntary, meaning they work under conscious control (e.g., running, lifting). Smooth muscles are involuntary and function automatically without conscious effort (e.g., digestion, blood flow).
Q3
List three common causes of sports injuries.
A
The three common causes of sports injuries are:
1. Overtraining
2. Poor technique or form
3. Lack of warm-up or weak flexibility
1. Overtraining
2. Poor technique or form
3. Lack of warm-up or weak flexibility
Q4
What is the role of sarcomere in muscle contraction?
A
A sarcomere is the functional unit of contraction in a muscle fiber. During contraction, actin filaments slide over myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere and producing muscle contraction.
Q5
How does aging affect bone density and cartilage?
A
With aging, bone density decreases, increasing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis. Cartilage becomes thin and less flexible, leading to stiffness and osteoarthritis.
Q6
How do processed foods negatively impact muscles?
A
Processed foods contain high sugar, unhealthy fats, and excess sodium with fewer nutrients. They increase body inflammation, reduce muscle recovery, lower endurance, and can cause insulin resistance.
Q7
Differentiate red and white muscle fibers on the basis of myoglobin.
A
- Red fibers: High myoglobin, rich in mitochondria, aerobic respiration, fatigue-resistant.
- White fibers: Low myoglobin, fewer mitochondria, depend on anaerobic respiration, fatigue quickly.
- White fibers: Low myoglobin, fewer mitochondria, depend on anaerobic respiration, fatigue quickly.
Q8
Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
A
According to the sliding filament theory, contraction occurs when myosin heads form cross-bridges with actin filaments using ATP energy. Calcium ions bind to troponin, exposing actin sites. Actin filaments slide inward over myosin, shortening the sarcomere and causing contraction. The I-band shortens, A-band remains unchanged.
Q9
What are the four major components of axial skeleton?
A
The four major components of the axial skeleton are:
1. Skull
2. Vertebral column
3. Sternum
4. Ribs<
1. Skull
2. Vertebral column
3. Sternum
4. Ribs<
Q10
What are synovial joints and what movements do they allow?
A
Synovial joints have a fluid-filled cavity between bones, allowing free movement. They enable locomotion and activities like rotation (ball-and-socket), flexion/extension (hinge), pivoting, and gliding.
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