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Glossary of Microbiology

Here is the related vocabulary words/terms grouped in Microbiology.

Death Phase (decline Phase)

phase of the growth curve at which the number of dying cells exceeds the number of new cells formed

Decolorizing Agent

a substance that removes a stain, usually from some parts of the specimen

Definitive Host

the preferred host organism for a parasite, in which the parasite reaches maturity and may reproduce sexually

Degeneracy

redundancy in the genetic code because a given amino acid is encoded by more than one nucleotide triplet codon

Degranulation

release of the contents of mast cell granules in response to the cross-linking of IgE molecules on the cell surface with allergen molecules

Dehydration Synthesis

chemical reaction in which monomer molecules bind end to end in a process that results in the formation of water molecules as a byproduct

Deletion

type of mutation involving the removal of one or more bases from a DNA sequence

Denatured Protein

protein that has lost its secondary and tertiary structures (and quaternary structure, if applicable) without the loss of its primary structure

Dendrites

branched extensions of the soma of a neuron that interact with other cells

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (dna)

double-stranded nucleic acid composed of deoxyribonucleotides that serves as the genetic material of the cell

Desiccation

method of microbial control involving the removal of water from cells through drying or dehydration

Differential Staining

staining that uses multiple dyes to differentiate between structures or organisms

Diffraction

the changing of direction (bending or spreading) that occurs when a light wave interacts with an opening or barrier

Dikaryotic

having two separate nuclei within one cell

Dimorphic Fungus

a fungus that can take the form of a yeast or a mold, depending on environmental conditions

Dioecious

refers to sexually reproducing organisms in which individuals have either male or female reproductive organs (not both)

Direct Elisa

enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in which the antigens are immobilized in the well of a microtiter plate; only a single antibody is used in the test

Disease

any condition in which the normal structure or function of the body is damaged or impaired

Disinfectant

antimicrobial chemical applied to a fomite during disinfection that may be toxic to tissues

Disinfection

protocol that removes potential pathogens from a formite

Dispersion

the separation of light of different frequencies due to different degrees of refraction

Dna Ligase

enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a covalent phosphodiester linkage between the 3’-OH end of one DNA fragment and the 5’ phosphate end of another DNA fragment

Dna Probe

a single-stranded DNA fragment that is complementary to part of the gene (DNA or RNA) of interest

Dry-heat Sterilization

protocol that involves the direct application of high heat

Dysentery

intestinal inflammation that causes diarrhea with blood and mucus

Dysuria

urination accompanied by burning, discomfort, or pain

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