Digoxin
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Weight
780.94
Molecular Formula
C41H64O14
IUPAC Name
3-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-12,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one
Pharmacognosy
Biological Source
Digitalis lanata (Woolly Foxglove)
Active Constituents
Digoxin
Pharmacology & Synthesis
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase pump, increasing intracellular Ca2+ for stronger myocardial contraction.
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
A: 70-80% oral absorption.
D: Large Vd, concentrates in myocardium.
M: Minimal hepatic metabolism.
E: Renal (unchanged, shorter half-life than digitoxin).
Pharmacodynamics
Positive inotropy, negative chronotropy, negative dromotropy.
Synthesis Pathway
Extracted from Digitalis lanata.
Safety, Warnings & Interactions
Adverse Effects
Arrhythmias, nausea, yellow-green halos around objects (xanthopsia).
Contraindications
Ventricular fibrillation, WPW syndrome.
Drug Interactions
Amiodarone, verapamil, K+-depleting diuretics.
Pharmaceutics & Compendia
Dosage Forms
Tablets, Elixir, Injection
Official Compendia
IP, BP, USP