Digitoxin
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Weight
764.95
Molecular Formula
C41H64O13
IUPAC Name
3-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one
Pharmacognosy
Biological Source
Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove)
Active Constituents
Digitoxin
Pharmacology & Synthesis
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase pump, leading to increased intracellular calcium via Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
A: >90% oral absorption.
D: Highly protein bound (97%).
M: Extensive hepatic metabolism.
E: Biliary and renal (long half-life, 7 days).
Pharmacodynamics
Increases cardiac contractility, decreases AV node conduction.
Synthesis Pathway
Extracted from Digitalis species.
Safety, Warnings & Interactions
Adverse Effects
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, severe arrhythmias, visual disturbances.
Contraindications
Ventricular fibrillation, complete heart block.
Drug Interactions
Hepatic enzyme inducers/inhibitors, diuretics, quinidine.
Pharmaceutics & Compendia
Dosage Forms
Tablets, Injection
Official Compendia
BP, USP