Cardiovascular System

Diksha Bhatla

Cardiovascular System

20 Jun 2022

Introduction

ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE NOTES

Hypertension

Congestive Heart Failure

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Introduction

INTRODUCTION TO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist located in the chest between the lungs behind the sternum and above the diaphragm. It is surrounded by pericardium. On its superior end, the base of the heart is attached to the aorta, pulmonary arteries and veins, and the vena cava. The inferior tip of the heart, known as the apex, rests just superior to the diaphragm. The base of the heart is located along the body’s midline with the apex pointing toward the left side.

Because the heart points to the left, about 2/3 of the heart’s mass is found on the left side of the body and the other 1/3 is on the right. The heart is the pump that is responsible for maintaining adequate circulation of oxygenated blood around the vascular network of the body. It takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation before pumping it into the various arteries.

Functions of Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system has three major functions: transportation, protection, and regulation of the body’s homeostasis.

Transportation: The cardiovascular system transports blood to almost all of the body’s tissues. The blood delivers essential nutrients and oxygen and removes wastes and carbon dioxide to be processed or removed from the body. Hormones are transported throughout the body via the blood’s liquid plasma.

Regulation: The cardiovascular system is instrumental in the body’s ability to maintain homeostatic control of several internal conditions.

The Circulatory Pump: The heart is a four-chambered “double pump”, where each side (left and right) operates as a separate pump. The left and right sides of the heart are separated by a muscular wall of tissue known as the septum of the heart.

Regulation of Blood Pressure: Several functions of the cardiovascular system can control blood pressure. Certain hormones along with autonomic nerve signals from the brain affect the rate and strength of heart contractions. Greater contractile force and heart rate lead to an increase in blood pressure. Blood vessels can also affect blood pressure.

ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE NOTES

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