Glycyrrhizin
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Weight
822.94
Molecular Formula
C42H62O16
IUPAC Name
(3beta,20beta)-20-carboxy-11-oxo-30-norolean-12-en-3-yl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
Pharmacognosy
Biological Source
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)
Active Constituents
Glycyrrhizin
Pharmacology & Synthesis
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, preventing the breakdown of cortisol.
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
A: Absorbed as glycyrrhetic acid after GI hydrolysis.
D: High protein binding.
M: Hepatic glucuronidation.
E: Biliary and renal.
Pharmacodynamics
Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, causes pseudoaldosteronism (sodium retention, potassium loss).
Synthesis Pathway
Biosynthesized via the mevalonate/squalene pathway.
Safety, Warnings & Interactions
Adverse Effects
Hypertension, hypokalemia, edema, lethargy.
Contraindications
Hypertension, renal failure, hypokalemia, pregnancy.
Drug Interactions
K+-depleting diuretics, corticosteroids.
Pharmaceutics & Compendia
Dosage Forms
Extracts, Syrups, Lozenges
Official Compendia
IP, USP