Wool Fat (Anhydrous Lanolin) is classified as an absorption base. It possesses lipophilic characteristics but contains sterols (cholesterol and isocholesterol) that allow it to absorb up to 200% to 300% of its own weight of water, forming stable water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. In contrast, soft paraffin is an oleaginous hydrocarbon base.
According to the Pharmacopoeial monograph, Simple Ointment IP/BP consists of Wool Fat (50 g or 5%), Hard Paraffin (50 g or 5%), Cetostearyl Alcohol (50 g or 5%), and Yellow Soft Paraffin or White Soft Paraffin (850 g or 85%), making a total of 1000 g. It provides an emollient, protective absorption base matrix.
Pastes are semisolid dermatological preparations that contain a large proportion (typically 20% to 50% w/w) of finely powdered insoluble solids (such as zinc oxide, starch, or calcium carbonate) suspended uniformly in a fatty or aqueous vehicle. This high solid fraction confers significant stiffness, porosity, and localized protective action compared to softer, greasier ointments.
Q4. What undesirable polymorphic form of Theobroma Oil (Cocoa Butter) with a sub-physiological melting point of approximately 18°C is formed upon excessive heating above 36°C and rapid cooling?
C) ā¤ŦāĨā¤ā¤ž-ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤ā¤Ž (βâ˛) ⤰āĨā¤Ē
D) ā¤ā¤žā¤Žā¤ž (Îŗ) ⤰āĨā¤Ē
Answer: (D)
Theobroma oil exhibits marked polymorphism with four crystalline states: gamma (mp ~18°C), alpha (mp ~22°C), beta-prime (mp ~28°C), and the stable beta form (mp ~34.5°C). Overheating cocoa butter above 36°C destroys all stable beta crystal nuclei; subsequent rapid chilling results in unstable gamma or alpha polymorphs that melt below normal room temperature and fail to solidify properly in molds.
Q5. If a prescription requires preparing 12 zinc oxide suppositories each containing 300 mg of zinc oxide in a 2 g cocoa butter mold, what is the required weight of cocoa butter per suppository if the displacement value of zinc oxide is 5.0?
Displacement value (DV) is the number of parts by weight of medicament that displaces 1 part by weight of the base: DV = W / (M - G + W), or amount of base displaced = Drug dose / DV. Here, 0.3 g / 5.0 = 0.06 g of cocoa butter displaced per suppository. Weight of cocoa butter needed per suppository = 2.0 g - 0.06 g = 1.94 g.
Q6. Which synthetic hydrophilic suppository base consists of polymeric blends that dissolve in rectal mucosal secretions rather than melting at physiological body temperature?
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs or Macrogols), also known as Carbowax bases, are synthetic water-soluble polymers blended (e.g., PEG 1000, 4000, and 6000) to achieve desired melting and dissolution profiles. Unlike theobroma oil, PEG suppository bases do not melt at 37°C; rather, they dissolve slowly in mucosal fluids, providing sustained drug release and resisting deformation in tropical climates.
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