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A simple spherical arrangement of amphipathic lipid molecules with nonpolar tails aggregated within the interior and polar heads forming the outer surface
Microbiology Pharmacist Competitive Exams
Q. A simple spherical arrangement of amphipathic lipid molecules with nonpolar tails aggregated within the interior and polar heads forming the outer surface
Ans → micelle
Explanation →
This question is taken from the test/quiz post: Microbiology Important Questions ( One Liners )-12 Pharmacy - attemp/practice
More oneliners in - Microbiology Important Questions ( One Liners )-12 Pharmacy
Q. A type of inclusion containing volutin, a polymerized inorganic phosphate that appears red when stained with methylene blue
Ans → metachromatic granule
Explanation →
Q. A virus composed of a nucleic acid core, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a capsid
Ans → naked virus
Explanation →
Q. The the sequencing of genomic fragments from microbial communities, allowing researchers to study genes from a collection of multiple species
Ans → metagenomics
Explanation →
Q. The science of studying a collection of mRNA molecules produced from microbial communities
Ans → metatranscriptomics
Explanation →
Q. The member of the quinolone family that functions by inhibiting the activity of DNA gyrase, blocking DNA replication
Ans → nalidixic acid
Explanation →
Q. An antibacterial and antiprotozoan drug of the nitroimidazole class that is activated in anaerobic target cell and introduces DNA strand breakage, thus interfering with DNA replication in target cells
Ans → metronidazole
Explanation →
Q. A part of the upper throat (pharynx) extending from the posterior nasal cavity; carries air inhaled through the nose
Ans → nasopharynx
Explanation →
Q. Glycoprotein expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells and involved in the presentation of normal “self” antigens and foreign antigens from intracellular pathogens
Ans → MHC I molecule
Explanation →
Q. A three-dimensional structure of folded fully functional proteins
Ans → native structure
Explanation →
Q. A glycoprotein expressed only on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and involved in the presentation of foreign antigens from pathogens ingested by phagocytosis
Ans → MHC II molecule
Explanation →
Q. A lymphoid cells that recognize and destroy abnormal target cells by inducing apoptosis
Ans → natural killer cells (NK cells)
Explanation →
Q. A simple spherical arrangement of amphipathic lipid molecules with nonpolar tails aggregated within the interior and polar heads forming the outer surface
Ans → micelle
Explanation →
Q. A a stain that produces colour around the structure of interest while not coloring the structure itself
Ans → negative stain
Explanation →
Q. An organism that requires oxygen at levels lower than atmospheric concentration
Ans → microaerophile
Explanation →
Q. A herpes infection of the newborn, generally caused by infection during birth
Ans → neonatal herpes
Explanation →
More one-liners in - Microbiology
Q. A three-dimensional structure of folded fully functional proteins
Ans → native structure
Explanation →
Q. The relation between the change of free energy (G), enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) is expressed by the equation
Ans → ΔG = ΔH – TΔS (T = Absolute temperature)
Explanation →
Q. When a complex molecule becomes broken apart to create two or more smaller ones.
Ans → decomposition
Explanation →
Q. The representation of a compound by two or more canonical structures in which the valence electrons are rearranged to give structures of similar probability.
Ans → resonance
Explanation →
Q. Scaffold placed into narrowed, diseased vessels (mainly coronary arteries) or a device implanted in a vessel used to help keep it open.
Ans → stent
Explanation →
Q. When a complex is formed between a metal ion and an a ligand in solution, the equilibrium may be expressed by a constant which is related to the free energy change for the process
Ans → stability constant
Explanation →
Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
Explanation →
Q. Name the hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disease affecting thyroid function
Ans → Graves disease
Explanation →
Q. The process of separation of a racemate into its two enantiomers by means of some chiral agency.
Ans → resolution
Explanation →
Q. A chemical in a reaction that is used up before other ingredients in the reaction, thus limiting how much of the resulting substance can be produced.
Ans → limiting reagent
Explanation →
Q. The process of separation of a racemate into its two enantiomers by means of some chiral agency.
Ans → resolution
Explanation →
Q. The scientist who observed that there exists a relationship between the contents of purines and pyrimidines in DNA structure
Ans → Erwin Chargaff
Explanation →
Q. All those organisms which do not require air i.e. molecular oxygen for survival , metabolism and growth
Ans → Anaerobes
Explanation →
Q. Having numerous flagella covering the entire surface of a bacterial cell is known as
Ans → peritrichous
Explanation →
Q. The regulatory enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthesis in animals is
Ans → Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II
Explanation →
Q. Artificial spherical lipid bilayer droplet formed mainly from phospholipids having a core of water phase, small enough to form a relatively stable dispersion in aqueous media and with potential use in drug delivery.
Ans → liposome
Explanation →
Q. Dosage form comprising several elements (e.g., microspheres or coated pellets) dif- fering in the rate of drug release.
Ans → multi compartment formulation
Explanation →
Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
Explanation →
Q. A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
Ans → human papillomavirus (HPV)
Explanation →
Q. The enzyme defect in acute intermittent porphyria
Ans → Uroporphyrinogen synthase I
Explanation →
Q. The lipids that possess both hydrophobic (non -polar) and hydrophilic (polar) groups are known as
Ans → amphipathic
Explanation →
Q. Usually small, flat, and soft tablets, which are designed to be placed under the tongue to allow direct absorption of the active ingredient through the mucosa for systemic effect.
Ans → sublingual tablets
Explanation →
Q. Name the most serious stage of pertussis (whooping cough), characterized by severe and prolonged coughing spells
Ans → paroxysmal stage
Explanation →
Q. Name the cells that can assists in the organization of neurons, provides a scaffold for some aspects of neuron function, and aids in recovery from neural injury
Ans → glial cell
Explanation →
Q. Process that occurs when the vapor pressure of the saturated aqueous solution of a substance is less than the vapor pressure of water in the ambient air.
Ans → deliquescence
Explanation →
Q. Organic substances occurring naturally, which are basic, forming salts with acids. The basic group is usually an amino function.
Ans → alkaloid
Explanation →
Q. An individual capable of transmitting a pathogen to another individual without becoming infected
Ans → passive carrier
Explanation →
Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
Explanation →
Q. Name the rule that states that atoms will lose, gain, or share electrons in order to achieve a filled valence shell, to complete their octet.
Ans → Octet Rule
Explanation →
Q. The metabolite among the citric acid cycle intermediates performing a catalytic role
Ans → Oxaloacetate
Explanation →
Q. Name a substance that loses water to form a lower hydrate or becomes anhydrous spontaneously.
Ans → efflorescent
Explanation →
Q. Process that differentiates or separates solid particles according to their size using a meshed or perfo- rated device.
Ans → sieving
Explanation →
Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
Explanation →
Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
Explanation →
Q. The isolation of an individual for the purpose of preventing the spread of disease
Ans → quarantine
Explanation →
Q. the angle between groups attached on adjacent carbon atoms when viewed in a Newman projection.
Ans → dihedral angle
Explanation →