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Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Microbiology Pharmacist Competitive Exams
Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
Explanation →
This question is taken from the test/quiz post: Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy - attemp/practice
More oneliners in - Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy
Q. Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Ans → heterolactic fermentation
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Q. Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
Ans → heterotroph
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Q. Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
Ans → high G+C gram-positive bacteria
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Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
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Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
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Q. A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
Ans → immunocytochemistry (ICC)
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Q. Technique in which antibody or antigen can be concentrated by passing fluids through porous membranes, and target molecules are captured as they pass
Ans → immunofiltration
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Q. Fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
Ans → histoplasmosis
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Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
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Q. A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
Ans → immunohistochemistry (IHC)
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Q. DNA-binding proteins found in eukaryotes and archaea that aid in orderly packaging of chromosomal DNA
Ans → histones
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Q. Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Ans → in vitro
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Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
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Q. This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
Ans → holozoic
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Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
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Q. Vaccine composed of whole pathogen cells or viruses that have been killed or inactivated through treatment with heat, radiation, or chemicals
Ans → inactivated vaccine
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Q. Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
Ans → human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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Q. The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in a given period of time is called
Ans → incidence
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Q. Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Ans → horizontal direct transmission
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Q. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
Ans → inclusion conjunctivitis
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Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
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Q. Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
Ans → horizontal gene transfer
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Q. The first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable
Ans → incubation period
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Q. The successful colonization of a microorganism within a host is called as
Ans → infection
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Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
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Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
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Q. Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Ans → human African trypanosomiasis
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Q. Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
Ans → initiation factors
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Q. A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
Ans → human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Q. Name the adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Ans → humoral immunity
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Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
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Q. The stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
Ans → initiation of DNA replication
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Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
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Q. The the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
Ans → hybridization
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Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
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Q. Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
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Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
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Q. Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
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Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
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Q. Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophobic
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Q. A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
Ans → intermediate host
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Q. Potentially damaging immune response against an antigen is called
Ans → hypersensitivity
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More one-liners in - Microbiology
Q. Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophobic
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Q. The polymers of monosaccharides or their derivatives, held together by glycosidic bonds
Ans → Polysaccharide
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Q. The time it takes for a decaying radioactive substance to be reduced by half.
Ans → half–life
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Q. Galactosemia is mostly due to the deficiency of the enzyme
Ans → Galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase
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Q. The disorder in which the patients have an irresistible urge to bite their fingers and lips is
Ans → Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
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Q. Name the cell envelope structure outside the cell wall in some bacteria that allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces,
Ans → glycocalyx
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Q. Adherence of particles into a larger mass due to moisture, static charge, or chemical or mechanical binding
Ans → agglomeration
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Q. The mechanism by which regulatory T cells inhibit self-reactive immune responses in T cells that have already exited the thymus
Ans → peripheral tolerance
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Q. Name the class of T cells that is the central orchestrator of the cellular and humoral defenses of adaptive immunity and the cellular defenses of innate immunity
Ans → helper T cells
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Q. The process of separation of a racemate into its two enantiomers by means of some chiral agency.
Ans → resolution
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Q. Antihelminthic drug of the benzimidazole class that binds to helminthic β-tubulin, preventing microtubule formation
Ans → mebendazole
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Q. Name the organism that grows in the presence of high salt concentration but does not require it
Ans → halotolerant
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Q. Name the bean-shaped organs situated throughout the body that contain areas called germinal centers, which are rich in B and T lymphocytes
Ans → lymph nodes
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Q. Relationship between two preparations of the same drug in the same dosage form that have a similar bioavailability.
Ans → bioequivalence
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Q. The process by which proteins lose their 3-D (tertiary and secondary) structure by application of an external stress, most often heat.
Ans → Denatured
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Q. Round or oval bodies as they lack cell wall. So shape is not fixed.
Ans → Mycoplasmas
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Q. An equimolar mixture of the two enantiomeric isomers of a compound.
Ans → racemic mixture
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Q. Visible clumping of red blood cells that can be caused by some viruses, bacteria, and certain diseases in which antibodies
Ans → hemagglutination
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Q. The copper containing protein involved for the conversion of ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+) in the plasma
Ans → Ceruloplasmin
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Q. Name proteases released from a natural killer cell that enter the cytoplasm of a target cell, inducing apoptosis
Ans → granzymes
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Q. A solid dosage form prepared to a desired shape, usually in large-scale production, by means of high pressure in a punch and die.
Ans → compressed tablet
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Q. Name the formation, development, and differentiation of blood cells from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
Ans → hematopoiesis
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Q. Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Ans → human African trypanosomiasis
Explanation →
Q. Salivary -amylase becomes inactive in the stomach primarily due to
Ans → Inactivation by low pH
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Q. Enzymes lose the catalytic activity at temperature above 70C due to
Ans → Denaturation
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Q. The process by which DNA from one organism is cut and new pieces of foreign DNA from a second organism are inserted,
Ans → recombinant DNA technology
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Q. The oxidation of ferrous (Fe2+) iron to ferric (Fe3+) iron in hemoglobin results in the formation of a compound namely
Ans → Methemoglobin
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Q. A thermodynamic quantity which is a measure of the degree of disorder within any system.
Ans → entropy
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Q. The disease characterized by impairment in the absorption of neutral amino acids
Ans → Hartnup’s disease
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Q. Name the plasmid containing genes encoding proteins that make a bacterial cell resistant to one or more antibiotics
Ans → R plasmid
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Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
Explanation →
Q. A a variant of PCR involving the use of fluorescence to allow for the monitoring of the increase in double-stranded template during a PCR reaction as it occurs
Ans → real-time PCR
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Q. It is the ability of the specific adaptive immune system to quickly respond to pathogens to which it has previously been exposed
Ans → memory
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Q. A chemical reaction after which the resulting agents cannot be changed back into the reactions ingredients.
Ans → irreversible reaction
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Q. The vitamin that is regarded as a vitamin in search of a disease
Ans → Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Explanation →
Q. An agent able to produce positively charged hydrogen ions (H+). [Since the hydrogen ion is a bare proton, it usually exists in a solvated form (such as H3O+).]
Ans → acid
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Q. Number that expresses the reduction in the numbers of a microorganism, brought about by a sterilizaion process.
Ans → inactivation factor (IF)
Explanation →