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Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Microbiology Pharmacist Competitive Exams
Q. Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Ans → horizontal direct transmission
Explanation →
This question is taken from the test/quiz post: Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy - attemp/practice
More oneliners in - Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy
Q. Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Ans → heterolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
Ans → heterotroph
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Q. Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
Ans → high G+C gram-positive bacteria
Explanation →
Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
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Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
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Q. A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
Ans → immunocytochemistry (ICC)
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Q. Technique in which antibody or antigen can be concentrated by passing fluids through porous membranes, and target molecules are captured as they pass
Ans → immunofiltration
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Q. Fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
Ans → histoplasmosis
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Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
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Q. A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
Ans → immunohistochemistry (IHC)
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Q. DNA-binding proteins found in eukaryotes and archaea that aid in orderly packaging of chromosomal DNA
Ans → histones
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Q. Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Ans → in vitro
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Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
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Q. This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
Ans → holozoic
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Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
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Q. Vaccine composed of whole pathogen cells or viruses that have been killed or inactivated through treatment with heat, radiation, or chemicals
Ans → inactivated vaccine
Explanation →
Q. Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
Ans → human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Explanation →
Q. The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in a given period of time is called
Ans → incidence
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Q. Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Ans → horizontal direct transmission
Explanation →
Q. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
Ans → inclusion conjunctivitis
Explanation →
Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
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Q. Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
Ans → horizontal gene transfer
Explanation →
Q. The first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable
Ans → incubation period
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Q. The successful colonization of a microorganism within a host is called as
Ans → infection
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Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
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Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
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Q. Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Ans → human African trypanosomiasis
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Q. Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
Ans → initiation factors
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Q. A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
Ans → human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Q. Name the adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Ans → humoral immunity
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Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
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Q. The stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
Ans → initiation of DNA replication
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Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
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Q. The the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
Ans → hybridization
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Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
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Q. Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
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Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
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Q. Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
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Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
Explanation →
Q. Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophobic
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Q. A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
Ans → intermediate host
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Q. Potentially damaging immune response against an antigen is called
Ans → hypersensitivity
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More one-liners in - Microbiology
Q. A reaction between an acid and a base that results in salt and water.
Ans → neutralization reaction
Explanation →
Q. Name hypothyroidism caused by an autoimmune disease affecting thyroid function
Ans → Hashimoto thyroiditis
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Q. Under physiological condition, the DNA structure is predominantly in the form
Ans → β-Form
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Q. Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
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Q. Name the compound that is increased in RBC of anemic patients to facilitate the supply of O2 to the tissues
Ans → 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
Explanation →
Q. The element involved in the protection of cells against the damage of H2O2 and other free radicals
Ans → Selenium
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Q. Name a microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature close to the temperature of boiling water
Ans → hyperthermophile
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Q. Name the longest identical peptide chains in antibody molecules (two per antibody monomer) that composed of variable and constant region segments
Ans → heavy chains
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Q. A known volumes are vacuum filtered aseptically through a membrane with a pore size small enough to trap microorganisms, which are counted after growth on plates
Ans → membrane filtration technique
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Q. Lowest concentration of an antibacterial drug necessary to inhibit the growth of a microorganism.
Ans → minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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Q. A more negative redox potential represents a greater tendency to lose
Ans → Electrons
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Q. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
Ans → Isomer
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Q. An inverse agonist is a ligand that by binding to a receptor reduces the fraction of receptors in an active conformation, thereby reducing basal activity.
Ans → Inverse Agonist
Explanation →
Q. An antibacterial and antiprotozoan drug of the nitroimidazole class that is activated in anaerobic target cell and introduces DNA strand breakage, thus interfering with DNA replication in target cells
Ans → metronidazole
Explanation →
Q. Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
Ans → human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Explanation →
Q. Name the process in which rapid freezing, followed by placement under a vacuum, of a material so that water is lost by sublimation, thereby inhibiting microbial growth
Ans → lyophilization
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Q. Formulation in which individual doses of a granulated dosage form are separated
Ans → divided granule
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Q. Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
Ans → initiation factors
Explanation →
Q. stereoisomeric structures which are not enantiomers (mirror images) of one another.
Ans → diastereomers
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Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
Explanation →
Q. Name the type of symbiosis in which one population benefits while harming the other parasitology the study of parasites
Ans → parasitism
Explanation →
Q. Name the stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
Explanation →
Q. The Process of contact and adhesion whereby particles in dispersion form larger-size clusters.
Ans → flocculation
Explanation →
Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
Explanation →
Q. A polymer assembled from of individual units, monomers, that bind together like building blocks
Ans → macromolecule
Explanation →
Q. Name the class of T cells that is the central orchestrator of the cellular and humoral defenses of adaptive immunity and the cellular defenses of innate immunity
Ans → helper T cells
Explanation →
Q. Name the type of kidney infection involving the glomeruli of the nephrons
Ans → glomerulonephritis
Explanation →
Q. The high level of energy electrons can achieve as energy is added.
Ans → excited state
Explanation →