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Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Microbiology Pharmacist Competitive Exams
Q. Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Ans → in vitro
Explanation →
This question is taken from the test/quiz post: Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy - attemp/practice
More oneliners in - Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy
Q. Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Ans → heterolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
Ans → heterotroph
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Q. Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
Ans → high G+C gram-positive bacteria
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Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
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Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
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Q. A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
Ans → immunocytochemistry (ICC)
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Q. Technique in which antibody or antigen can be concentrated by passing fluids through porous membranes, and target molecules are captured as they pass
Ans → immunofiltration
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Q. Fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
Ans → histoplasmosis
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Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
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Q. A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
Ans → immunohistochemistry (IHC)
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Q. DNA-binding proteins found in eukaryotes and archaea that aid in orderly packaging of chromosomal DNA
Ans → histones
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Q. Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Ans → in vitro
Explanation →
Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
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Q. This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
Ans → holozoic
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Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
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Q. Vaccine composed of whole pathogen cells or viruses that have been killed or inactivated through treatment with heat, radiation, or chemicals
Ans → inactivated vaccine
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Q. Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
Ans → human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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Q. The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in a given period of time is called
Ans → incidence
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Q. Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Ans → horizontal direct transmission
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Q. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
Ans → inclusion conjunctivitis
Explanation →
Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
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Q. Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
Ans → horizontal gene transfer
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Q. The first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable
Ans → incubation period
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Q. The successful colonization of a microorganism within a host is called as
Ans → infection
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Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
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Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
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Q. Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Ans → human African trypanosomiasis
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Q. Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
Ans → initiation factors
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Q. A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
Ans → human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Q. Name the adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Ans → humoral immunity
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Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
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Q. The stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
Ans → initiation of DNA replication
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Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
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Q. The the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
Ans → hybridization
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Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
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Q. Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
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Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
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Q. Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
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Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
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Q. Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophobic
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Q. A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
Ans → intermediate host
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Q. Potentially damaging immune response against an antigen is called
Ans → hypersensitivity
Explanation →
More one-liners in - Microbiology
Q. Name the stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
Explanation →
Q. Name proteases released from a natural killer cell that enter the cytoplasm of a target cell, inducing apoptosis
Ans → granzymes
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Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
Explanation →
Q. Organic substances occurring naturally, which are basic, forming salts with acids. The basic group is usually an amino function.
Ans → alkaloid
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Q. Class of antibacterials that inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to peptidoglycan subunits and blocking their insertion into the cell wall
Ans → glycopeptides
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Q. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
Ans → Isomer
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Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
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Q. Crystalline form of a compound in which water molecules are part of the crystal structure.
Ans → hydrate
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Q. Name the class of exotoxin that targets and lyses red blood cells, as well as other cells
Ans → hemolysin
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Q. This refers to a cytokine signal released from a cell to a receptor on a nearby cell
Ans → paracrine function
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Q. An Obstacle such as coating or embedding, which acts as a factor controlling the rate of drug release.
Ans → diffusion barrier
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Q. Properties of a substance that can be observed without using a chemical reaction that would change the substance.
Ans → physical property
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Q. Process by which energy from sunlight is absorbed by pigment molecules in photosynthetic membranes and converted into stored chemical energy in the forms of ATP and NADPH
Ans → light-dependent reaction
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Q. Dosage form comprising several elements (e.g., microspheres or coated pellets) dif- fering in the rate of drug release.
Ans → multi compartment formulation
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Q. An organism that requires oxygen at levels lower than atmospheric concentration
Ans → microaerophile
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Q. Name the type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
Explanation →
Q. Isomers that differ in the order the atoms are placed. They have the same number of atoms, just in a different order.
Ans → Constitutional Isomers
Explanation →
Q. The process by which DNA from one organism is cut and new pieces of foreign DNA from a second organism are inserted,
Ans → recombinant DNA technology
Explanation →
Q. Dosage form, semi-solid, used for the administration of drugs via the rectal route, for systemic or local effect.
Ans →
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Q. Name the bond that forms between the hydroxyl groups of two sugar molecules
Ans → glycosidic bond
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Q. The polymers of monosaccharides or their derivatives, held together by glycosidic bonds
Ans → Polysaccharide
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Q. Name the type of symbiosis in which one population benefits while harming the other parasitology the study of parasites
Ans → parasitism
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Q. Name the enzyme that unwinds DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs, using ATP
Ans → helicase
Explanation →
Q. A chemical reaction after which the resulting agents cannot be changed back into the reactions ingredients.
Ans → irreversible reaction
Explanation →
Q. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
Ans → inclusion conjunctivitis
Explanation →
Q. Name leukocytes found in the peripheral blood that are characterized by numerous granules in the cytoplasm
Ans → granulocytes
Explanation →
Q. DNA sequence located between the promoter region and the first coding gene to which a repressor protein can bind
Ans → operator
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Q. A a term applied to an atom or molecule having one or more free valencies.
Ans → radical
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Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
Explanation →
Q. Lipid-based chemical mediators produced by leukocytes and other tissue cells; promote inflammation and allergic responses
Ans → leukotrienes
Explanation →
Q. Growth on the skin associated with infection by any of the human papilloma viruses (HPV); commonly known as a wart
Ans → papilloma
Explanation →
Q. Dosage form in which the active ingredient is insoluble in the carrier; includes aerosols, suspensions, emulsions , and foams
Ans → disperse system
Explanation →
Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
Explanation →
Q. Name adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Ans → humoral immunity
Explanation →