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Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Microbiology Pharmacist Competitive Exams
Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
Explanation →
This question is taken from the test/quiz post: Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy - attemp/practice
More oneliners in - Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy
Q. Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Ans → heterolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
Ans → heterotroph
Explanation →
Q. Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
Ans → high G+C gram-positive bacteria
Explanation →
Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
Explanation →
Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
Explanation →
Q. A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
Ans → immunocytochemistry (ICC)
Explanation →
Q. Technique in which antibody or antigen can be concentrated by passing fluids through porous membranes, and target molecules are captured as they pass
Ans → immunofiltration
Explanation →
Q. Fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
Ans → histoplasmosis
Explanation →
Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
Explanation →
Q. A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
Ans → immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Explanation →
Q. DNA-binding proteins found in eukaryotes and archaea that aid in orderly packaging of chromosomal DNA
Ans → histones
Explanation →
Q. Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Ans → in vitro
Explanation →
Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
Explanation →
Q. This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
Ans → holozoic
Explanation →
Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Vaccine composed of whole pathogen cells or viruses that have been killed or inactivated through treatment with heat, radiation, or chemicals
Ans → inactivated vaccine
Explanation →
Q. Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
Ans → human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Explanation →
Q. The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in a given period of time is called
Ans → incidence
Explanation →
Q. Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Ans → horizontal direct transmission
Explanation →
Q. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
Ans → inclusion conjunctivitis
Explanation →
Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
Explanation →
Q. Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
Ans → horizontal gene transfer
Explanation →
Q. The first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable
Ans → incubation period
Explanation →
Q. The successful colonization of a microorganism within a host is called as
Ans → infection
Explanation →
Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
Explanation →
Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
Explanation →
Q. Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Ans → human African trypanosomiasis
Explanation →
Q. Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
Ans → initiation factors
Explanation →
Q. A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
Ans → human papillomavirus (HPV)
Explanation →
Q. Name the adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Ans → humoral immunity
Explanation →
Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
Explanation →
Q. The stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
Ans → initiation of DNA replication
Explanation →
Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
Explanation →
Q. The the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
Ans → hybridization
Explanation →
Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
Explanation →
Q. Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
Explanation →
Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
Explanation →
Q. Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
Explanation →
Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
Explanation →
Q. Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophobic
Explanation →
Q. A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
Ans → intermediate host
Explanation →
Q. Potentially damaging immune response against an antigen is called
Ans → hypersensitivity
Explanation →
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Q. Having numerous flagella covering the entire surface of a bacterial cell is known as
Ans → peritrichous
Explanation →
Q. Structure of protein complexes formed by the combination of several separate polypeptides or subunits
Ans → quaternary structure
Explanation →
Q. A chemical processes in which the proportion of more electronegative substituents is decreased, or the charge is made more negative, or the oxidation number is lowered.
Ans → reduction
Explanation →
Q. Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
Explanation →
Q. A three-dimensional structure of folded fully functional proteins
Ans → native structure
Explanation →
Q. Name the stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
Ans → initiation of DNA replication
Explanation →
Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
Explanation →
Q. Usually small, flat, and soft tablets, which are designed to be placed under the tongue to allow direct absorption of the active ingredient through the mucosa for systemic effect.
Ans → sublingual tablets
Explanation →
Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Cholesterol synthesis is controlled by feedback inhibition of the enzyme
Ans → HMG CoA reductase
Explanation →
Q. White blood cells of various types, including granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes
Ans → leukocytes
Explanation →
Q. Small edible package made usually from gelatin or other materials that can be filled with drugs (solids or liquids) to produce a unit dose, mainly for oral use.
Ans → capsule
Explanation →
Q. The tendency for a molecule to acquire electrons and become reduced
Ans → redox potential
Explanation →
Q. The name of the protein that has been identified to serve as a primer for glycogen synthesis is
Ans → Glycogenin
Explanation →
Q. This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
Ans → holozoic
Explanation →
Q. Time required to achieve the minimum effective plasma concentration following administration of the dosage form.
Ans → onset of drug action
Explanation →
Q. A bond formed from the electrostatic attraction between ions with different charges. This typically consists of a metal (cation) and a nonmetal (anion). A metal loses electrons to form a cation and some non-metal gains those electrons to form an anion.
Ans → Ionic Bond
Explanation →
Q. The amino acid that is completely destroyed by acid hydrolysis of protein
Ans → Tryptophan
Explanation →
Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
Explanation →
Q. stereoisomeric structures which are not enantiomers (mirror images) of one another.
Ans → diastereomers
Explanation →
Q. It is staining method which differentiates morphologically similar organisms, by staining with more than one stain
Ans → Differential staining
Explanation →
Q. A form of microbial control using heat that is applied to foods; kills pathogens and reduces the number of spoilage-causing microbes while maintaining food quality
Ans → pasteurization
Explanation →
Q. A process in which the forward reaction can reach an equilibrium with the reverse reaction.
Ans → reversible process
Explanation →
Q. Name the study that compares entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization
Ans → Genomics
Explanation →
Q. A compound possessing hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in its structure is known as
Ans → Ampipathic
Explanation →
Q. The intermediate of citric acid cycle that is involved in heme synthesis
Ans → Succinyl CoA
Explanation →
Q. The short fragment of DNA made during lagging strand synthesis
Ans → Okazaki fragment
Explanation →
Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
Explanation →
Q. A rare form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy endemic to Papua New Guinea
Ans → kuru
Explanation →
Q. A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
Ans → immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Explanation →
Q. An infection of the external ear canal, most commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; often called swimmer’s ear
Ans → otitis externa
Explanation →
Q. The backbone of nucleic acid structure is constructed by
Ans → Phosphodiester bridges
Explanation →
Q. The lipoproteins synthesized in the intestinal mucosal cells from the absorbed lipids are
Ans → Chylomicrons
Explanation →