A) เคฅเคเฅเคเฅ เคเคฎเคจเฅ เคตเคพเคฒเฅ เคเคพเคฐเค VIII เคเฅ เคจเคทเฅเค เคเคฐเคจเคพ
B) เคชเฅเคฒเคพเคเฅเคฎเคพ เคธเฅ เคซเคพเคเคฌเฅเคฐเคฟเคจเฅเคเฅเคจ เคเฅ เค เคตเคเฅเคทเฅเคชเคฟเคค เคเคฐเคจเคพ
C) เคเคเคเฅเคฅเฅเคฐเฅเคฎเฅเคฌเคฟเคจ III เคฆเฅเคตเคพเคฐเคพ เคฅเฅเคฐเฅเคฎเฅเคฌเคฟเคจ เคเฅ เคธเฅเคงเฅ เคจเคฟเคทเฅเคเฅเคฐเคฟเคฏ เคเคฐเคจเคพ
EDTA prevents coagulation by binding (chelating) ionized calcium, which is required for several steps in the coagulation cascade. The calciumโEDTA complex is not accurately described as an insoluble precipitate.
A) เคฒเฅเคตเฅเคเคกเคฐ / เคฌเฅเคเคเคจเฅ (Lavender / Purple)
B) เคนเคฒเฅเคเคพ เคจเฅเคฒเคพ (Light Blue)
C) เคนเคฐเคพ (Green)
D) เคเฅเคฐเฅ / เคงเฅเคธเคฐ (Gray)
Answer: (A)
Lavender/purple is the commonly used stopper colour for EDTA hematology tubes. Tube colours can vary by manufacturer, country and specialized tube type, so the additive label should always be checked.
Coagulation testing requires an exact 1:9 volumetric ratio of 3.2% (0.109 M) buffered trisodium citrate to whole blood (e.g., 0.5 mL citrate to 4.5 mL blood).
Q4. What is the recommended ratio of 3.8% trisodium citrate to whole blood when performing Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) by the Westergren method?
The standard Westergren ESR technique utilizes 1 volume of 3.8% (or 3.2%) trisodium citrate mixed with 4 volumes of venous whole blood (1:4 ratio, representing a 1 in 5 dilution).
B) เคซเฅเคธเฅเคซเฅเคซเฅเคฐเฅเคเฅเคเฅเคเคพเคเคจเฅเคเคผ
C) เคเคจเฅเคฒเฅเคเคผ (Enolase)
D) เคนเฅเคเฅเคธเฅเคเคพเคเคจเฅเคเคผ
Answer: (C)
Fluoride ions bind magnesium and phosphate to form a magnesium fluorophosphate complex that strongly inhibits enolase, stopping the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to PEP.
B) เคชเฅเคเฅเคถเคฟเคฏเคฎ เคเคเฅเคธเคพเคฒเฅเค (Potassium oxalate)
C) เคธเฅเคกเคฟเคฏเคฎ เคธเคพเคเคเฅเคฐเฅเค
D) เคเฅเคฐเคพเคเคชเฅเคเฅเคถเคฟเคฏเคฎ EDTA
Answer: (B)
Sodium fluoride functions primarily as an antiglycolytic enzyme inhibitor; potassium oxalate is combined with it to act as the anticoagulant by precipitating calcium as calcium oxalate.
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