Download PDF – RRB PH UT19 – Pharmacognosy Practice Test 2: Alkaloids & Phytochemical Tests

RRB PH UT19 – Pharmacognosy Practice Test 2: Alkaloids & Phytochemical Tests

Q1. Which reagent gives an orange-brown precipitate with alkaloids?

A) Dragendorff's reagent

B) Hager's reagent

C) Mayer's reagent

D) Wagner's reagent

Q1. कौन-सा अभिकर्मक एल्कलॉइड के साथ नारंगी-भूरा अवक्षेप देता है?

A) ड्रैगेनडॉर्फ अभिकर्मक

B) हेगर अभिकर्मक

C) मेयर अभिकर्मक

D) वैगनर अभिकर्मक

Answer: (A)

Dragendorff's reagent is composed of potassium bismuth iodide solution (bismuth subnitrate, tartaric acid, and potassium iodide) and reacts with tertiary and quaternary alkaloidal bases to produce a characteristic reddish-brown or orange precipitate. Mayer's reagent contains potassium mercuric iodide and yields a cream-colored precipitate, Wagner's reagent consists of iodine in potassium iodide yielding a reddish-brown precipitate, and Hager's reagent uses saturated picric acid giving a yellow crystalline precipitate.

ड्रैगेनडॉर्फ अभिकर्मक पोटैशियम बिस्मथ आयोडाइड से बनता है और एल्कलॉइड के साथ नारंगी/लाल-भूरा अवक्षेप देता है।

Q2. What structural feature defines true alkaloids?

A) A non-heterocyclic primary nitrogen atom attached to an aliphatic side chain

B) A heterocyclic ring containing one or more nitrogen atoms

C) A steroid nucleus with a lactone ring

D) A phenolic nucleus linked with an esterified glucoside bond

Q2. सच्चे एल्कलॉइड की प्रमुख संरचनात्मक विशेषता क्या है?

A) एलिफैटिक साइड चेन से जुड़ा गैर-विषमचक्रीय प्राथमिक नाइट्रोजन

B) एक या अधिक नाइट्रोजन वाला विषमचक्रीय वलय

C) लैक्टोन वलय वाला स्टेरॉइड नाभिक

D) एस्टरीकृत ग्लाइकोसाइड बंध से जुड़ा फेनोलिक नाभिक

Answer: (B)

True alkaloids are basic nitrogenous organic compounds of natural plant origin derived directly from amino acids (e.g., tryptophan, tyrosine, ornithine, lysine) and possess a nitrogen atom situated inside a heterocyclic ring system. In contrast, protoalkaloids (or amino alkaloids, such as ephedrine and colchicine) possess a nitrogen atom outside the ring in an aliphatic side chain, and pseudoalkaloids (such as purines and steroidal solanidines) are not biosynthesized from standard amino acid precursors.

सच्चे एल्कलॉइड अमीनो अम्लों से बनते हैं तथा उनका नाइट्रोजन परमाणु विषमचक्रीय वलय के भीतर होता है। प्रोटोएल्कलॉइड में नाइट्रोजन वलय के बाहर होती है।

Q3. Which reagents produce a violet colour in the Vitali–Morin test?

A) Concentrated hydrochloric acid followed by potassium chlorate

B) Glacial acetic acid followed by ferric chloride and sulfuric acid

C) Fuming nitric acid evaporated to dryness, followed by ethanolic potassium hydroxide

D) Dilute sulfuric acid followed by potassium dichromate crystals

Q3. Vitali–Morin परीक्षण में बैंगनी रंग कौन-से अभिकर्मक उत्पन्न करते हैं?

A) सान्द्र HCl के बाद पोटैशियम क्लोरेट

B) ग्लेशियल एसिटिक अम्ल के बाद फेरिक क्लोराइड व सल्फ्यूरिक अम्ल

C) फ्यूमिंग नाइट्रिक अम्ल से सुखाने के बाद एथेनॉलिक KOH

D) तनु सल्फ्यूरिक अम्ल के बाद पोटैशियम डाइक्रोमेट

Answer: (C)

The Vitali-Morin reaction is the definitive diagnostic color test for tropane alkaloids possessing a tropic acid ester moiety (atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine). When the alkaloid residue is heated and evaporated to dryness with fuming nitric acid, a yellow trinitro derivative is formed; upon adding freshly prepared 3% to 5% ethanolic potassium hydroxide (KOH), nucleophilic addition generates a distinctive violet-purple chromophore that gradually fades to brown.

Vitali–Morin परीक्षण में फ्यूमिंग HNO₃ से अवशेष को सुखाकर एथेनॉलिक KOH मिलाने पर ट्रोपेन एल्कलॉइड बैंगनी रंग देते हैं।

Q4. Which plant is the main source of reserpine?

A) Atropa belladonna (Solanaceae)

B) Cinchona succirubra (Rubiaceae)

C) Strychnos nux-vomica (Loganiaceae)

D) Rauwolfia serpentina (Apocynaceae)

Q4. रेसरपीन का मुख्य स्रोत कौन-सा पौधा है?

A) Atropa belladonna (Solanaceae)

B) Cinchona succirubra (Rubiaceae)

C) Strychnos nux-vomica (Loganiaceae)

D) Rauwolfia serpentina (Apocynaceae)

Answer: (D)

Reserpine is an indole alkaloid isolated from the dried roots and rhizomes of Rauwolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth. ex Kurz, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Reserpine exerts antihypertensive and sedative actions by irreversibly inhibiting the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT-2), causing central and peripheral depletion of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin from presynaptic nerve endings.

रेसरपीन Rauwolfia serpentina की जड़ों/राइजोम से प्राप्त इंडोल एल्कलॉइड है।

Q5. Which part of Papaver somniferum is incised to collect opium?

A) Unripe capsule pericarps

B) Unopened floral buds

C) Mature ripe dehiscent seeds

D) Dried tap roots

Q5. अफीम प्राप्त करने के लिए Papaver somniferum के किस भाग पर चीरा लगाया जाता है?

A) अपरिपक्व कैप्सूल की फलभित्ति

B) बंद पुष्प कलियाँ

C) परिपक्व पके फटने वाले बीज

D) सूखी मुख्य जड़ें

Answer: (A)

Opium is officially obtained by making longitudinal or transverse incisions into the epicarp of the unripe, fully grown capsules (fruits) of Papaver somniferum. The white milky laticiferous latex exudes from the laticiferous vessels, coagulates, darkens upon spontaneous exposure to air, and is hand-scraped as raw opium. Mature poppy seeds do not produce latex and are devoid of narcotic alkaloids.

अफीम Papaver somniferum के अपरिपक्व, पूर्ण विकसित कैप्सूल में चीरा लगाने पर निकले लेटेक्स को सुखाकर प्राप्त होती है।

Q6. Which opium alkaloid gives a red colour with concentrated nitric acid?

A) Codeine

B) Morphine

C) Papaverine

D) Noscapine

Q6. कौन-सा अफीम एल्कलॉइड सांद्र नाइट्रिक अम्ल से लाल रंग देता है?

A) कोडीन

B) मॉर्फीन

C) पैपावेरिन

D) नॉस्कैपीन

Answer: (B)

Morphine is a phenanthrene-derivative pentacyclic alkaloid possessing a phenolic hydroxyl group at C-3 and an alcoholic hydroxyl group at C-6. The free phenolic group at C-3 causes morphine to react vigorously with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) to yield an intense orange-red or blood-red color that fades to yellow upon standing. Codeine (methylmorphine) lacks a free phenolic group at C-3 and does not exhibit this immediate red coloration.

मॉर्फीन का फेनोलिक समूह सान्द्र नाइट्रिक अम्ल से अभिक्रिया कर नारंगी-लाल रंग देता है।

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