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Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set – 7) Pharmacy
1
Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
heterolactic fermentation
2
Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
heterotroph
3
Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
high G+C gram-positive bacteria
4
Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
high-energy phosphate bond
5
Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
immune complex
6
A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
immunocytochemistry (ICC)
7
Name the enzyme that bound with a cofactor or coenzyme
holoenzyme
8
Technique in which antibody or antigen can be concentrated by passing fluids through porous membranes, and target molecules are captured as they pass
immunofiltration
9
Fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
histoplasmosis
10
A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
immunofluorescence
11
A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
immunohistochemistry (IHC)
12
DNA-binding proteins found in eukaryotes and archaea that aid in orderly packaging of chromosomal DNA
histones
13
The study of the immune system
immunology
14
Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
in vitro
15
Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
histamine
16
This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
holozoic
17
Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
homolactic fermentation
18
Vaccine composed of whole pathogen cells or viruses that have been killed or inactivated through treatment with heat, radiation, or chemicals
inactivated vaccine
19
Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
20
The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in a given period of time is called
incidence
21
Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
horizontal direct transmission
22
Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
inclusion conjunctivitis
23
Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
inclusions
24
Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
horizontal gene transfer
25
The first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable
incubation period
26
The successful colonization of a microorganism within a host is called as
infection
27
Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
host range
28
Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
influenza
29
Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
human African trypanosomiasis
30
Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
initiation factors
31
A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
human papillomavirus (HPV)
32
Name the adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
humoral immunity
33
Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
hyaluronidase
34
The stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
initiation of DNA replication
35
The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
initiation of transcription
36
The the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
hybridization
37
Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
inoculum
38
Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
insertion
39
The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
hybridoma
40
Distortion of a light wave due to interaction with another wave
interference
41
Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
hydrophilic
42
Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
interleukins
43
Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
hydrophobic
44
A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
intermediate host
45
Potentially damaging immune response against an antigen is called
hypersensitivity
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