Q6. Define a taxon. Give some examples of taxa at different hierarchical levels.
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Explain the sliding filament theory in detail with role of proteins, calcium and ATP.
The sliding filament theory explains how muscles contract:
- Nerve impulse releases acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction.
- Calcium ions released from sarcoplasmic reticulum bind troponin.
- Actin sites exposed, myosin heads attach forming cross-bridges.
- ATP hydrolysis provides energy, pulling actin filaments inward.
- Sarcomere shortens, causing contraction.
- When impulse ends, calcium reabsorbed, muscles relax.
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