Q1. Proteins are precipitated by-

• A) water
• B) sodium hydroxide
• C) formaldehyde
• D) Trichloro acetic acid

Answer: (D) Trichloro acetic acid

Trichloro aetic acid is widely used in downstream processing of Biological products in order to ccentrate the protein and purify them from vaarious contaminants.

Q2. The major site of fat digestion is-

• A) Large intestine
• B) small intestine
• C) Kidney
• D) Liver

Answer: (B) small intestine

small intestine, is the major site of fat digestion. Small intestine is the part of GIT where digestionand absorption is takes place.

Q3. Ninhydrin oxidatively decarboxylates α-amino acids to-

• A) CO2
• B) H2O,CO2
• C) CO2,NH3
• D) NH3

Answer: (C) CO2,NH3

Oxydative decarboxylation reaction reaction is oxidation reaction in which a carboxylate group is removed forming CO2 and NH3.

Q4. one example of glycoside is-

• A) Cholesterol
• B) Sphingomyelin
• C) Lecithin
• D) Gangliosides

Answer: (D) Gangliosides

Gangliosides belongs to the glycosides. Ganglioside is a molecule composed of glycolipid with one or more sialic acid linked to sugar chain.

Q5. Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of-

• A) Succinate
• B) Fumerate
• C) Oxaloacetate
• D) Aspaartate

Answer: (A) Succinate

malonate is the competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. Malonate binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, and so competes with succinate, the usual substrate of the Enzyme.

Q6. Alkaline phosphate level is increases in which disease?

• A) Rickets
• B) Leukemia
• C) Cardial infection
• D) Pancreatic deficiency

Answer: (A) Rickets

Alkaline phosphate (ALP) is a hydrolase enzyme and responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules. Bone specific alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme is elevated as a result of increased osteoblastic activity. The highest total ALP values have been attributed to an increased bone isoenzyme level due to Paget disease or rickets/osteomalasia.

Q7. What are the chief storage sites for manganese in the body?

• A) Kidney
• B) Muscles
• C) Stomach
• D) Heart

Answer: (A) Kidney

Manganese (Mn++) is a trace mineral helps the body to convert protein and fat to energy. It also promotes normal bone growth, helps maintain healthy reproductive, nervous, and immune systems, and is involved in blood sugar regulation.In addition mangnese is involved in blood clotting and the formation of cartilage and lubricating fluid in the joints. Mangnese is predominantly stored in the bones, liver, Kidney, and pancreas.

Q8. Microcytic hypochromic anemia occurs due to deficiency of-

• A) Cu++
• B) CO2
• C) Zinc
• D) Iron

Answer: (D) Iron

In microcytic anemia the size of red blood cells decreases due to less hemoglobin. deficiency of Iron is the most common cause of microcytic anemia.

Q9. The first amino acid during protein synthesis is-

• A) Arginine
• B) leucine
• C) valine
• D) methionine

Answer: (D) methionine

Methionine is specified by the codon AUG, which is also known as the start codon. Consequently, methionine is the first amino acid to dock in the ribosome during the synthesis of proteins. Protein synthesis requires the translation of nucleotide sequence into amino acid sequences.

Q10. Milky type colour of urine is due to the presence of-

• A) Albumins
• B) haemoglobin
• C) Fatty acid
• D) Nephritis

Answer: (C) Fatty acid

milky urine can rarely be due to chyluria (lymph fluid resuting from a communication between the lymphatic system and the urinary tract. The preasence of fatty acids in urine results urinary tract infections. Cloudy or milky urine is a sign of a urinary tract infection, which may also cause a bad smell. Milky urine may also be caused by bacteria, crystals, fat, white or red blood cells, or mucus in the urine

Q11. FAD and FMN are coenzyme form of-

• A) Thiamine
• B) Riboflavin
• C) Ascorbic acid
• D) none of the above

Answer: (B) Riboflavin

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a cofactor that can carry one or two eletrons. It is a component of two major coenzymes FAD and FMN.

Q12. Which monosaccharide unit constitutes Milk Sugar?

• A) Galactose and glucose
• B) 2 galactose units
• C) 2 glucose units
• D) Fructose and galactose

Answer: (A) Galactose and glucose

Lactose is a disaccharide suger composed of galactose and glucose. 2.8% lactose is found in sugar and also called as milk sugar.

Q13. The sugars formed as a result of sucrose digestion are-

• A) Fructose and glucose
• B) maltose and glucose
• C) glucose and glucose
• D) galactose and glucose

Answer: (A) Fructose and glucose

Fructose is a simple monosaccharide, it bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide, sucrose. Frucrose and glucose have the same molecular formula but Fructose is a ketose sugar anf glucose is a aldose sugar.

Q14. The processing of blood clotting is initiated by-

• A) Prothrombin
• B) Fibrinogen
• C) Thrombin
• D) Thromboplastin

Answer: (A) Prothrombin

Prothrombin is used to determine the clotting tendency of blood in the measure of warfarin dosage, liver damage and vit K status.

Q15. Intracellular substance present in connective tissue is-

• A) Fatty in nature
• B) Muco polysaccharide
• C) Protein
• D) none of the above

Answer: (B) Muco polysaccharide

Heparin is present as intracellular sustance in connectice tissue is a mucopolysacchride. Orther polyscaharides associated with connective tissue are Hyluronic acid and chondriotin sulphuric acid.

Q16. Multiple forms of same enzymes are called-

• A) Coenzyme
• B) Apoenzymes
• C) Isoenzymes
• D) Haloenzymes

Answer: (C) Isoenzymes

Enzymes that are differ from amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction are known as Isoenzymes.

Q17. Treatment of glycogen with iodine shows which colour?

• A) Violet
• B) Green
• C) Red
• D) Yellow

Answer: (C) Red

The colour depends on the 3D structure of the polysaccharide. Starch is coiled structure which turns blue with iodine solution, whereas glycogen which is a branched molecule turns red/brown with iodine solution.

Q18. Which alcohol is a constituent of flavin coenzyme?

• A) inositol
• B) xylitol
• C) Ribitol
• D) Mannitol

Answer: (C) Ribitol

Ribitol is a crystalline pentose alcohol formed by the reduction of ribose. It is naturally occuring from the plants and also contribute the structure of riboflavin and flavin mononuleotide.

Q19. In TCA, oxaloacetate is formed from-

• A) Fumarate
• B) L-ketoglutarate
• C) succinate
• D) Malate

Answer: (D) Malate

In TCA (tricarboxylic acid ) cycle in the presence of enzyme malate-dehydrogenase, malate is converted to oxaloacetate. Again oxaloacetate reacts with acetyle CoA and cycle continues. Total 30 ATPs fromed from TCA in each reaction of glycolysis (Glycolysis generates two molecules of Acetyle CoA).

Q20. Net ATPs formed in the β oxidation of palmitic acid?

• A) 100
• B) 30
• C) 50
• D) 129

Answer: (D) 129

Palmitic acid (16 + 1 carbons) is a fatty acid and it can form 8 acetyl CoA units. For this it must complete 7 cycles of β oxidation ( each cycle removes 2 carbon atoms from fatty acid chain in the form of acetyl CoA). Each cyce of beta oxidation generates 5 ATPs. Each TCA cycle generates 12 ATPs (from acetyl CoA).
Total 7 cycles of beta oxidation = 7 × 5 = 35 ATPs.
Total 8 cycles of TCA = 8 × 12 = 96 ATPs. total ATPs = 96 +35 = 131.
2 ATP molecues utiised in the β-oxidation. net molecules obtained from palmitic acid →129 ATPs.

Q21. Edman's reagent is chemically-

• A) Phenyl isothiocyanate
• B) Phenyl chloride
• C) Phenyl bromide
• D) Aniline

Answer: (A) Phenyl isothiocyanate

Phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) enables the sequential degradation of amino acid in a polypeptide chain.

Q22. The main ring structure is present in tryptophan is-

• A) Indole
• B) imidazole
• C) furan
• D) thiophane

Answer: (A) Indole

Tryptophan consists of Indole ring.

Q23. Double helix structure of DNA was proposed by-

• A) Lewis
• B) Chargaff's
• C) James Watson and crick
• D) Mandel

Answer: (C) James Watson and crick

Q24. The smallest amino acid is-

• A) Alanine
• B) Glycine
• C) Valine
• D) Phenylalanine

Answer: (B) Glycine

Glycine is the smallest amino acid with only H as its residue.

Q25. Xanthine is converted to uric acid in the presence of enzyme-

• A) Xanthine oxidase
• B) xanthine reductase
• C) xanthine transferase
• D) xanthine isomerase

Answer: (A) Xanthine oxidase

by the action of xanthine oxidase enzyme, xanthine converted to uric acid.

Q26. Pantohenic acid is also known as-

• A) vitamin B1
• B) vitamin B5
• C) vitamin B2
• D) Vitamin B12

Answer: (B) vitamin B5

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a water soluble vitamin of B-complex class.

Q27. Cholesterol is one of the important factor in the synthesis of-

• A) Bile acids
• B) hormones
• C) vitamin D
• D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Cholesterol is important for the biosynthesis of Bile acids, hormones, and vitamin D.

Q28. The cyclic fatty acid, Chaulmoogric acid is used in the treatment of-

• A) T.B.
• B) ulcers
• C) Leprosy
• D) Goiter

Answer: (C) Leprosy

Chalmoogric is a tree in acanthaceae family, the oil from its seeds have been widely used for the treatment of leprosy (a disease caused by bacteria) in the Indian and chinese traditional medicines.

Q29. Cynocobalamine is the metabolic effect of-

• A) Bacillus pumulis
• B) Streptomyces griseus
• C) Bacillus subtilis
• D) Bacillus sterothermophilus

Answer: (B) Streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces griseus is a species of bacteria. It is gram positive bacterium and was the source of industrial production of vitamin B12.

Q30. Menke's disease is related to-

• A) deficiency of sulphur
• B) deficiency of zinc
• C) defect in transport of copper
• D) defect in transport of zinc

Answer: (C) defect in transport of copper

Mnkel's disease (MNK) is also called copper transport disease, steely hair disease, kinky hair disease, is a disorder that affects copper level in the body, leading to copper deficiency. It is an x-linked recessive disorder, and is therefore considerably more common in males.